Sumary
As a Southeast Asian country, Vietnam shares its borders with China, Lao and Cambodia. Its territory extends longitudinally over 1,650 km from the North to the South, with the widest point measuring some 600 km and the narrowest 50 km. It has a coastline of 3,260 km with thousands of islands. The total area of Vietnam's territory is about 332,000 km2.
The total estimated population of Vietnam as on April 1, 1999 was 76,327,919. The population grew at an average annual rate of 2.1% during the period 1979-1989 and 1.7% during 1989-1999. The average density of population was 231 persons/km2 in 1999.
I. Environmental IMPACTS OF socio - economic developmen
1.1. Industrialisation
1.2 Urbanisation
1.3. Agriculture and rural development
1.4. Environmental impacts of mineral resources exploitation
1.5. Energy development
1.6. Transport development
1.7. Tourism Development and Environment
II. The key environmental issues of Vietnam
2.1. Land degradation
2.2. Forest degradation
2.3. Loss of Biodiversity
2.4. Water pollution
2.5. Air pollution
2.6. Solid waste management
III. National responses for environmental protection
- Developing and promulgating legislation on environment protection
- Formulating and implementing environmental protection policies and action plans
- Environmental pollution control
- Environmental monitoring
- Development of institutional system of environmental management
